Bible Overview 2 Peter
Mike Ervin
Comprehensive Overview of 2 Peter
1. Authorship
Traditional View:
The traditional view holds that the Apostle Peter wrote 2 Peter. The letter begins with “Simon Peter, a servant and apostle of Jesus Christ” (2 Peter 1:1), indicating Petrine authorship. Early church tradition, though slow to accept 2 Peter, eventually recognized it as part of the New Testament canon. The author claims to be an eyewitness of the Transfiguration (2 Peter 1:16-18), further supporting Petrine authorship.
Modern Scholarly View:
Many scholars question whether Peter actually wrote 2 Peter. Arguments against his authorship include:
1. Differences from 1 Peter: The Greek style and vocabulary of 2 Peter differ significantly from 1 Peter. Some suggest Peter may have used different secretaries.
2. Similarity to Jude: 2 Peter shares large portions of text with Jude, leading some to believe it was written later, borrowing from Jude.
3. Delayed Canonical Acceptance: 2 Peter was among the last books accepted into the New Testament, with early church fathers such as Origen and Eusebius expressing doubts.
4. References to Paul’s Letters as “Scripture” (2 Peter 3:15-16): Some argue this suggests a later date when Paul’s letters were widely circulated and recognized as authoritative.
Despite these objections, some scholars still defend Petrine authorship, arguing that Peter may have used a different scribe, written in a different context, or dictated the letter shortly before his death.
2. Date of Authorship
Traditional View:
If Peter wrote the letter, it likely dates to 64–68 CE, shortly before his martyrdom under Emperor Nero.
Modern Scholarly View:
Many scholars believe 2 Peter was written between 80–150 CE by a follower of Peter, making it pseudonymous (written in Peter’s name to honor his teaching). The debate remains unsettled.
3. Main Themes
• Warning Against False Teachers: A major concern is the rise of false teachers who distort Christian doctrine.
• The Certainty of Christ’s Return: Some were questioning whether Jesus would return; 2 Peter affirms the Second Coming.
• The Authority of Scripture: The letter emphasizes the inspiration of the prophets and apostles.
• Moral Living in Light of Judgment: True faith results in a transformed life, unlike the corrupt lifestyles of false teachers.
4. Sequential Summary of Chapters
Chapter 1: Christian Growth and the Certainty of Christ
• Encouragement to grow in virtue, knowledge, and godliness.
• The author recalls witnessing the Transfiguration, affirming Christ’s glory.
• Scripture is not human invention but inspired by the Holy Spirit.
Chapter 2: Warnings Against False Teachers
• False teachers exploit others with greed and deception.
• Examples of divine judgment (fallen angels, the flood, Sodom and Gomorrah).
• These teachers reject authority and indulge in sin, leading others astray.
Chapter 3: The Day of the Lord
• Some doubt Christ’s return, mocking believers.
• God’s timing is different from human expectations—a thousand years is like a day.
• The Day of the Lord will come unexpectedly, bringing judgment.
• A call to holy living and readiness for Christ’s return.
5. Conclusion: The Importance of 2 Peter
2 Peter remains a crucial book for defending the faith against false teaching and reaffirming Christ’s promised return. Its emphasis on scriptural authority, perseverance, and godly living makes it relevant for believers today, especially in times of doctrinal confusion and skepticism.