Bible Overview 1 Peter
Mike Ervin
Comprehensive Overview of 1 Peter
1. Authorship
Traditional View:
The traditional view holds that the Apostle Peter wrote 1 Peter. The letter begins with, “Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ” (1 Peter 1:1), suggesting direct authorship. Early church fathers, such as Irenaeus, Tertullian, and Clement of Alexandria, accepted Peter’s authorship. Tradition also holds that Peter wrote from Rome, referring to it symbolically as “Babylon” (1 Peter 5:13).
Modern Scholarly View:
Many modern scholars question Peter’s authorship for several reasons:
1. Sophisticated Greek Style – The Greek in 1 Peter is more refined than what would be expected from a Galilean fisherman. However, some argue that Peter may have used Silvanus (Silas) as a secretary (1 Peter 5:12).
2. Dependence on Paul’s Writings – Some themes and wording resemble Paul’s letters, leading some to speculate that a later author incorporated Pauline theology.
3. Persecution Context – The letter addresses organized persecution of Christians, which some scholars date to the time of Domitian (81–96 CE) or Trajan (98–117 CE) rather than Peter’s lifetime.
Despite these arguments, many scholars still support Petrine authorship, possibly with Silas as a scribe refining Peter’s thoughts.
2. Date of Authorship
Traditional View:
If written by Peter, 1 Peter dates to around 62–64 CE, before Peter’s martyrdom under Emperor Nero (c. 64–67 CE).
Modern Scholarly View:
Some scholars argue for a later date (80–90 CE or beyond) if written by a follower of Peter. However, there is no solid evidence that the letter was written long after Peter’s lifetime, and many still accept a pre-64 CE date.
3. Main Themes
• Suffering for Christ: Encouragement in the face of trials and persecution.
• Christian Identity: Believers are “a chosen people, a royal priesthood” (1 Peter 2:9).
• Holiness and Obedience: A call to live holy lives in reverence to God.
• Christ’s Example in Suffering: Jesus’ unjust suffering serves as a model for Christians.
• Hope in Christ’s Return: The promise of eternal inheritance in heaven.
4. Sequential Summary of Chapters
Chapter 1: Hope and Holiness
• Believers have a living hope through Christ’s resurrection.
• Christians are called to holiness because God is holy.
Chapter 2: Identity and Submission
• Christians are God’s chosen people, like living stones in a spiritual house.
• Encouragement to submit to authorities and endure suffering as Christ did.
Chapter 3: Christian Conduct in Suffering
• Instructions for husbands and wives in Christian marriage.
• Encouragement to suffer righteously, following Christ’s example.
Chapter 4: Living for God in Difficult Times
• Avoiding sinful lifestyles and living for God’s will.
• Expecting suffering but remaining faithful to Christ.
Chapter 5: Final Exhortations
• Encouragement to elders and leaders to shepherd God’s flock humbly.
• A call to resist the devil and stand firm in faith.
• Closing greetings from Silvanus and “Babylon” (likely Rome).
5. Conclusion: The Importance of 1 Peter
1 Peter remains one of the most encouraging letters in the New Testament, providing comfort to persecuted believers and reminding them of their identity in Christ. Its emphasis on hope, endurance, and holiness continues to inspire Christians facing hardship today.